Ensemble

Natural Horn in an ensemble setting

Horns at work

Initially sharing a playing technique with the trumpet, the two instruments belong to the natural brass family. Both trumpet and horn are restricted to the natural overtone series and are played without any interference in the bell. Any corrections of pitch done to the 11th and 13th partials are through use of lips and air to bend these tones closer to tempered pitch. Virtuosi were able to apply this technique to bend partials down to include a few lower neighbor pitches.

c. 1630 Musicians, Giovanni Battista Bracellli (1584-1650)

1710 The frontispiece of the Leipzig printing of the ‘Unfehlbare Engel-Freude oder Geistliches Gesangbuch

Listed as Joachim von Sandrart (1606 – 1688)

c. 1720 A musical party, Jan Baptist Lambrechts (1680 – after 1731) (Antwerp)

An elegant company making music, Frany Xaver Verbeeck (c. 1686-1755)

1744 Court fête Winter Riding School of the Vienna Hofburg, wedding of Archduchess Maria Anna and Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, Giuseppe Galli Bibiena

detail

1719 Performance of Heinichen’s Diana

sur l’Elba

1719 German school, pageant-wagon with musicians in a parade during the Festival of Venus at the Saxonian court

1721 Markgrafentheater in Erlangen

1721 detail

mid 18th cen. Italian court orchestra

1723 Premier of Johann Joseph Fux’s “Costanza e fortezza” in Prague

detail

Dutch school, horn and clarinet players, 18th century (Gemeentemuseum, The Hague)

Actors from the Commedia dellArte, Jan Baptist Lambrechts

Wolfgang Andreas Heindl (1693–1757) Akademische Kapelle Kremsmünster (1739)

c. 1720 German Orchestra

1728 Austrian school, trumpets and horns performing at a banquet following oaths of allegiance to Charles VI

18th cen. Harmonie ensemble serenading the infirm

1721 Markgrafentheater in Erlangen. Randbild aus dem Plan des Schlossgartens, Johann Baptist Homann (1664-1724)

1727 Componimento sacro per la festività del SS. natale, Vincenzo Franceschini (1680-c.1744)

(detail)

1743 Studentischer Fackelzug vor dem Erlanger Schloss

detail

Joseph van Aken (1699-1749)

Music, Charles-Andre van Loo (1705-1765)

1720 Das Apelische Haus, Leipzig

1730 Johann Christoph Kolb Celebration Plate for the 200th Anniversary of the Augsburg Confession

early 18th cen. German school

detail

1744 Concertato, Johann Balthasar Bullinger 1713-1793

Dance scene with harlequin, Jan Baptist Lambrechts

1732 Siard Nosecky Strahov Monastery Prague

1732 William Hogarth Rakes Progress

1742 Ball given by Elector of Bavaria for European Monarchs, Simon Forkke

c. 1740-50 Saucer featuring trumpet and horn player, China

1736 detail from main hall doors in the former town hall in Constance, Germany

1744 Johann Andreas Pfeffel (1674-1748) Ball Celebrating the Marriage of Archduchess Marianne and Charles, Prince of Lorraine

detail

1746 Lusthallen at the Brandvorwerk in the suburb of Leipzig

1733 Keller, Johann Heinrich A Bacchanal in a Wooded Landscape

1736 Ballroom with Musicians Gouache #5, Johann Franz, Hörmannsperger (c.1710-?)

(detail)

1743 Vauxhall Gardens shewing the Grand Walk at the entrance of the Garden & the Orchestra with the Musick Playing

detail

1736 detail from main hall doors in the former town hall in Constance, Germany

18th cen. quartet

Vincent Robin European school, men playing horns

1753 The British 1.Footguards Band

1739 French school, orchestra performing from a pavillion in the Seine for the marriage of Princess Louise-Elisabeth of France

detail

1739 Peter Jacob Horemans (1700-1776) A Concert by a Portico

1745 Andreas Pirot- Arlecchinos entrance into Venice, Tapestry from Würzburg

mid. 18th cen. Palace interior, Pannini

1745 Venice, Vue de la Fête

detail

Italian Carnival

c. 1750 Quintett im Schlosspark

1740 Interior of the Teatro Regio during a performance of Feo’s opera seria “Arsace”, Turin

1743 Madrid Felipe V (van Juan Loo)

(detail)

18th century Carnival in Rome

detail

18th cen. Dancers accompanied by musicians on balcony

1750 Marc’Antonio dal the King (1697-1766) Violante Vestri (Vestris) as Apamia in Carcani’s Tigrane, Milan, Carnival

detail

1748 Domingo Martínez (1688-1749) Carro del Pregón de la Máscara

(detail)

c. 1748 Serresche Student Album

detail

Concerto, Giuseppe Zocchi (1711-1767)

mid 18th cen. Chamber Concert, Giuseppe Zocchi

Chamber concerto, Giuseppe Zocchi (1711-1767)

1747 Char de Mars, François Blondel (1683-1756) (Musée Carnavalet, Histoire de Paris)

c. 1748 Ball from Serresche Student Album

detail

1750 Anonymus book illustration Pastoral dance scene

1750 Scène Carnival, le menuet Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (1727-1804) (Musée du Louvre, Paris)

detail

Putj castle, Slovenia

L’Ouie, Georg Balthasar Probst (1673-1748) (Dayton C. Miller Iconography Collection, Library of Congress Music Division)

Ronde de putti – J. B. Huet

c. 1740 Series of four scrap prints, eau-forte, Martin Engelbrecht (British Museum)

c. 1755 Musical gathering sketch, possibly by James Verture

18th cen. ensemble

detail

1749, Viaggi di Enrico Wanton (unknown Venetian theatre interior),Zaccaria Seriman (1708-1784)(detail)

1752 Giovanni Michele Granieri (1708-1762)- “Lucio Papirio” (detail)

Painting on a panel from a farm in Grimstrup, Denmark

Giovanni Battista Cipriani (Italian 1727-1785)

Title page La Vendemia

1751 The Physic Garden, Chelsea, a plan view, John Haynes (fl. 1730-1751)

1751 The Physic Garden, Chelsea, a plan view, John Haynes (fl. 1730-1751) (detail)

c.1753 Johann Rudolf Dälliker (1694-1769) Konzert zu Ehren des Bürgermeisters Johannes Fries in Zürich

(detail)

mid. 18th cen. Allegorie der Musik Johann Baumgartner (1712-1761)

detail of unidentified procession

New Concert Hall in Venice

Auf einem Kabinettschrank im Germanischen Nationalmuseum Nürnberg

1743 Ceremonial march of troops through Malostranské náměstí on the occasion of Maria Theresa’s coronation as Czech queen in Prague

detail

c. 1750 Seguace di Giovanni Michele Graneri, Spettacoli in Piazza Castello

1753 Paul Joseph Delcloche Hofkonzert beim Fürstbischof von Lüttich auf Schloß Seraing (Bayerisches Nationalmuseum München)

c. 1750 Interior with a Musical Gathering, Nicolaes Aartman

1756 The Lottery Drawing in Piazza Delle Erbe, Turin Giovanni Michele Granieri (1708-1762)

detail

mid 18th cen. Goblet

The Consort, Thomas Bakewell (1729-1764)

Illustration of a hornist playing for children

c. 1760 Musica. Artium Liberalium I, Klauber

Dutch school, twee mannen met een jachthoorn, 18th century

1754 Das Bönnsche Ballstück, Maskenball im Hoftheater, Bonn, Johann Franz Rousseau (1717-1804)

1754 François Rousseau, Maskenball in der Residenz zu Bonn, Inneres des Hoftheaters im kurfürstlichen Schloss

(detail)

(detail)

1756 Francesco Battaglioli – Fernando VI y Bárbara de Braganza en los jardines de Aranjuez

(detail)

La danse devant la tonelle, Jacopo Amigoni (1682-1752)

18th cen. La alegoría de la Nueva España, anonymus

detail

18th ceramic, spanish school

1762 Moravian Map

detail

Der Sommer, Ebersbach, Johann Jacob after Holzer (Städel Museum)

detail

Circle of Pieter Angillis (Flemish, 1685–1734)

detail

detail

18th century celebration, Catalonia

1761 A view of Cheapside, as it appeard on Lord Mayor’s Day last, John June

Feldmusik

1758 Bernardo Bellotto (1722-1780)- Le Turc Généreux, Ballet Pantomime

1758 Bernardo Bellotto (1722-1780)- Le Turc Généreux, Ballet Pantomime (detail)

c. 1760 Die Bozner Pfarrmusik, Johann Josef von Menz (b.1719-?)

18th Century, Procession of the Black Queen, Carlos Julião (1740-1811)

1767, detail from a fresco depicting the dedication of the Hl. Kreuzkirche at Pill, Christoph Anton Mayr

1771 Musical Angels (St. Stanislaus the Bishop and Martyr Frydman, Krakow)

c. 1780 attributed to Antoni Casanovas Torrents

Dance and Concert in a Park, Hubert Robert (1733-1808)

c.1760 Manuel Tramulles i Roig (Barcelona 1715-1791)

c.1760 Flipart, Charles Joseph Gathering in a Garden (Museo Nacional del Prado)

1742 Le Insignia degli Anziani Consoli, Bologna

1742 Le Insignia degli Anziani Consoli, Bologna (detail)

18th cen. Le Insignia degli Anziani Consoli, Bologna (detail)

1737 a ball held in the Fibbia house in honor of Carlo Alberto, duke and elector of Bavaria, and his wife Maria Amelia, archduchess of Austria, Antonio Alessandro Scarselli

18th cen. Le Insignia degli Anziani Consoli, Bologna (detail)

ca. 1770 Bal Chinois, Charles Eisen

1786 a wedding feast with musicians and dancing, German school

c. 1764 Tanz auf der Dorfstraße, Johann Conrad Seekatz (1719-1768)

1769 British school, David Garrick Reciting the Ode in Honour of Shakespeare at the Jubilee at Stratford

(detail)

c.1770 Lunch at the San Beneto Theatre offered by the Doge in honor of the princes of the north, Venice (detail)

c. 1770 Court Musicians (detail)

1779 Schloss Wolfstein Fürstenzimmer, Joseph Widemann

Title page to Sonate a due violini, e basso, op. 5, Christian Joseph Lidarti (1730-1795)

1772 Amsterdam theater

detail

1776 Abraham Delfos (1731-1820)- Tweede slede

1776 attributed to Domenico Carella that adorn the public rooms of the Palazzo Ducale in Martina Franca

detail

c. 1783 English rider giving a show in Zurich, Heinrich Freudweiler

1769 John Lodge (fl.1754-1796) Mr. Garrick delivering his Ode, at Drury Lane Theatre, on dedicating a Building & erecting a Stature, to Shakespeare

(detail)

1765 Premiere of the opera Il parnasso confuso by Christoph Willibald Gluck, Vienna Johann Franz Greipel (attr.)

c. 1780 Horn duo printed in “New Instructions for the French Horn”

1763 ambassadorial procession in London

c.1770 Anonymus Musicians, Alto Peru (Bolivia), Museo de Arte Hispanoamericano Isaac Fernandez Blanco

1772 Amsterdam theater

detal

Italian aristocratic dance, Pietro Fabris (active 1740-1792)

detail

1776 Abraham Delfos (1731-1820)- Veertiende slede

1773 Jean-Baptiste Métoyen (1733-1822)- Coupe de la nouvelle tribune de la chapelle de Fontainebleau, dans Plans des Tribunes & orchestres de la musique du roy

1773 Concert Spirituale

1773 The Little Charlatans, Jean Jacques de Boissieu

c.1775 German Memento Mori Interior

c. 1775 Trois Musiciens, Dionys van Nijmegen (1705-1798)

1779 detail from Cover page to a J.J. Hummel edition of 3 Haydn symphonies

1780 Local Poetry. Songs and poems, relating to the town and county of Newcastle upon Tyne, or incidents connected therewith, Thomas Bell (fl. 1780-1813)

1784 Zurich, Kinder holen das Neujahrsblatt bei der Musikgesellschaft (Freudweiler)

1786 Utrecht Parade

1782 Performance for the Grand Duke of Russia, Antonio Baratti (1724-1787)

detail

detail

c.1775 An Electineering Procession

c. 1780 Un concert François-André Vincent (1746-1816)

c.1785 Secular concert, Lisbon, Giuseppe Servolini (1748-1834)

1786 Procession in honor of Prince John’s marriage, Rio de Janeiro 5th Car, Antõnio Francisco Soares

1789 Les Actes des Apôtres, Jean Gabriel Peltier (1770-1825)

l’Accademia

angel ensemble

1786 A new way to pay the National Debt James Gillray (1756-1815)

c.1780 Concerto, Giuseppe de Gobbis (fl. 1772-1783)

late 18th cen. A fist fight with the prince regeant among spectators, George Dance

late 18th cen. ensemble

Kammermusik, Circle of Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (1726-1801)

detail

late 18th cen. A Concert, Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (1727-1804)

1792 Basel music society including a trumpet marine, Johann Rudolph Wettstein

Angelic Ensemble – Wallfahrtskirche Unser Lieben Frau – Bad Schussenried Steinhausen Fresco

1789 Ban-yan Day on board the Magnificent, John Nixon (1755-1818) (British Museum)

1789 King George III bathing in the sea to musical accompaniment at Weymouth, John Nixon (1755-1818)

c.1770 Scena e cavatina or open air-orchestra or musicians on a balcony Giuseppe Poggiali (fl. 1770-1784) after Giuseppe Servolini (1748-1834)

c.1780 Musicians, Giuseppe de Gobbis (fl. 1772-1783)

detail

1790 Ein liebhaber Concert, Emanuel Burckhardt (1776-1844)

1793 View of the High Street, Edinburgh, with a Procession, David Allan (1744-1796)

detail

c. 1790 Title page illustration

dance and concert in a park, Hubert Robert (1733-1808)

1785 Concerto Coalitionale, James Sayers (1748-1823)

1782 A Sunday Concert, Charles Loraine Smith

1789 Orgie des gardes du corps dans la salle de l’Opéra de Versailles – after Prieur ; engraved by Berthault

(detail)

late 18th cen. Concert, Anonymous

1791 Ragged musicians and dancers. Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

1791 Mrs. Pickles mistake, Cruikshanks

1791 Garre aux faux pas

1794 The Festival of the Supreme Being, France

1785 Serenata interpretada en Madrid en los festejos de la doble boda real queunió, Domenico Muzzi (1742-1812) (attributed)

c.1790 The Concert Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

1791 German school, Gruppe von Musikanten in Leifers

(detail)

Bern, Tanz der Küfer auf dem Kornhausplatz am Ostermontag Feste, Johann Jakob Lutz (1753-1791)

c. 1783 English rider giving a show in Zurich, Freudweiler, Heinrich

18th Century A Dance. Verso: Sketch null Matthew Haughton Century

French Revolution of 1789, freres Lesueur

c.1792 British Military Band, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

1792 Basel music society, Johann Rudolph Wettstein

1793 Fatigues of the Campaign in Flanders, James Gillray (1756-1815)

1798 Veduta del salone centrale della Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi, Giovanni Battista Bagnasacco (fl. 1777-1799) and Giovanni Comando (1746-1822)

1798 Veduta del salone centrale della Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi, Giovanni Battista Bagnasacco (fl. 1777-1799) and Giovanni Comando (1746-1822) (detail)

late 18th cen. Musiciens ambulants, anonymous french school

1790 Planting a Liberty Tree, Jean-Baptiste Lesueur (1749-1826)

c. 1795 The Procession (Colonists escorting a carriage in which sit two loyalists, one of whom appears to have been tarred and feathered), Elkanah Tisdale (1768-1835)

1799 Chealsea Reach, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827) (Yale Lewis Walpole Library)

c. 1800 Chamber ensemble

The harmonius family, Robert Dighton (1752-1814)

1777 Matthias Darly (c.1720-1778) Royal Music or Wind Harmony

1785 Wedding Feast of D. João and D. Carlota, on March 27, 28 and 29 Madrid, attributed to Domenico Muzzi (1742-1812)

detail

1799 Bal des gens de maison, rue du Mont-Blanc (actuelle rue de la Chaussée-d’Antin) à Paris, par Claude-Louis Desrais (1746-1816)

1799 Savoyards of Fashion or the Musical Mania

1799 Strolling Players, Swiss school

the pic-nic orchestra

1817 Dos à Dos accidents in quadrille dancing, George Cruikshank (1792-1878)

1817 La belle assemblée or sketches of characteristic dancing, G. Cruikshank

c, 1810 European school, painted door

1799 The enraged politician or the Sunday reformer or a noble bellman crying stinking fish Isaac Cruikshank, London

1801 The Union Club

1803 Dillettanti Theatricals, James Gillray (1756-1815)

1800 Waltzer au Mouchoir James Gillray (1756-1815)

Early 1800 House Concert, painted house organ by anonymous artist

1825 Czech National Songs (Frontpiece) Jan Ritter of Rittersberg

c.1800 Porte Dauphine, A print by Charles Percier (1764-1838) from Album Fontainebleau

Comforts of Bath, A ball, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

1807 Angelic ensemble from the Igreja de São Francisco de Assis Ouro Preto, Brazil, Manuel da Costa Ataíde

detail

early 19th century house concert

1806 Pacific Overtures, or A Flight from St Cloud’s Over the Water to Charley. A new dramatic peace now rehearsing, James Gillray (1756-1815) (British Museum)

1807 Comedy in the Country, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

Comforts of Bath, Coaches Arriving, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

english detail

C. 1800 3 Spanish Musicians

1807 Anjos Músicos, Manuel da Costa Ataíde

1809 Masquerade at the Pantheon Theatre, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

detail

1811, Anglers of 1811, Thomas Rowlandson

Le morceau d’ensemble ou le désespoir du compositeur. Dédié à tous les musiciens

1830 Wiener Tagsbegebenheiten

1809 Orchestra gallery at Vauxhall Gardens, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

detail

1811 The Gig Shop, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

1811 A fist fight, with the prince regent among the spectators, George Dance (1741-1825)

1816-1831 Three musicians, Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848)

1811 The Manager’s Last Kick, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

1812 The Regent’s Birthday, caricature by George Cruickshank

1815 Twelfth Night, Cruikshank

1816 Illustration from Companion to the Ball-Room by Tho. Wilson

The Country Concert, England

19th cen. angelic musicians

detail

1817, The Stage. George Primrose as Horatio, Thomas Rowlandson

1825 Löjliga Spel Kort (playing cards), Elis Chiewitz (1784-1839)

1825 The Cyprians ball at the Argyle Rooms, George Cruikshank (1792-1878)

(detail)

1800-30 Print of monkeys playing various instruments, german school

Hahnenschlag in der Umgebung von Frankfurt am Main, Anton Radl (1772-1852)

The Yorkshireman in London or Humphrey Hobnail’s return from the Play

1837 Bamberg Maskerade

Caricature Ornaments for Screens A Private Concert

1844 Narrative Sketch, A. P. Sapozhnikov

1872 A humorous depiction of an ensemble titled German Band is published in The Graphic

Unknown detail

1837 Bamberg Maskerade

1839 Statue de St. George et son cortege – précédent la procession de la Fête-Dieu, Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848)

1884 LES PRINCIPAUX INSTRUMENTS DE MUSIQUE from Tour de la France par deux Enfants (G. Bruno)

Interior del teatro de san luis potosi, P. Romero

Procession of King Punch during the Roman Carnival (Stuermer early 19th c.)

c. 1820 A Ball at Scarborough, Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827)

The Waltz, Edward Francis Burney (1760-1848) )(Victoria & Albert Musuem, London)

1853 Vente d’une collection de dessins et de croquis originaux par J. J. Grandville

1837 Bamberg Maskerade

1849 Nouveau Langage Musical, J.J. Granville

1873 Christmas Eve in a Spanish Church, a print after Miranda appearing in the Paris illustrated newpaper, L’Illustration